地层温度对科学超深井井壁稳定的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张培丰 《探矿工程》2011,38(10):1-5

井壁稳定问题包括井壁坍塌和地层破裂2种基本类型,科学超深井钻探的目的层是处于高地应力、高地温和高地层压力的深部岩层,井壁稳定问题更加突出。以12000 m科学超深井为例,从地层温度入手,分析钻井液循环温度变化所引起的当量静态钻井液密度和环空压力当量密度的变化,以及温梯应力、温差应力对井壁稳定的影响。  相似文献   

利用抗剪强度计算地基承载力特征值方法探讨          下载免费PDF全文

潘广灿  张金来  郜松杰 《探矿工程》2011,38(11):68-70,82

利用不同地层情况的计算实例,分别采用抗剪强度指标厚度加权平均法和附加应力面积法对地基承载力特征值进行计算,对计算结果进行分析,对不同的计算方法的理论原理进行了剖析,提出利用附加应力系数法计算抗剪强度指标标准值的结论。同时提出抗剪强度指标应采用不固结不排水剪指标,当持力层为粉土时应对其抗剪强度指标进行75%的折减的方法和建议。为合理利用抗剪强度指标计算地基承载力特征值提供了有益的参考。  相似文献   

上覆压力及排水条件对吹填软土强度影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨爱武  闫澍旺  杜东菊  赵瑞斌  卢力强  王江宏 《岩土力学》2011,32(1):172-178

吹填土由于其成分来源及沉积环境不同,性质千差万别。以天津海积软土为土质材料,模拟现场吹填环境,研究了吹填软土强度形成影响因素。试验表明,不同的压力及排水条件对吹填软土强度增长影响较大。当排水条件有利于土体中的水排出时,强度增长明显。上覆压力对土体强度增长的影响通过一定的排水条件得以实现,排水条件差和压力增大时,强度增长缓慢且很小,反之,强度增长快且绝对值大。  相似文献   

圆形煤场中桩-网复合地基原体试验研究     

戴洪军  刘欣良  任治军  韦华 《岩土力学》2011,32(2):487-494

在大型圆形煤场中采用桩-网复合地基是火电厂地基方案设计的新思路,该方案不仅要考虑地基土层的强度满足上部荷载的要求,还需要考虑堆载区内土体的变形对环基的影响。通过对圆形煤场中桩-网复合地基原体试验研究,介绍了在大面积堆载下如何进行桩、土及垫层中应力与应变的测试,设计了2套堆载与测试方案,在试验1区铺设了2层土工格栅,而在试验2区未铺设土工格栅。根据在2个试验区所获得的测试成果,研究了大面积堆载对堆载区内外土体变形的影响深度与范围,对比分析了不同高程处垫层与土体的竖向及侧向应力随深度的变化规律,结合堆载区中桩与边桩的桩身轴力变化,计算出上部桩侧土体对桩所产生的负摩阻力,并依据承台顶面附近测得的垫层与土层的应力,计算出桩土分担荷载的比例,以及桩土应力比的大小与变化规律。在此基础上得到土工格栅对大面积堆载区内外土体应变与应力的影响程度,从而可以为大型圆形煤场桩-网复合地基方案的设计与施工提供客观的技术参数与建议。  相似文献   

2008年汶川Ms8.0地震前龙门山—岷山构造带的地震活动性参数与地震视应力分布   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

易桂喜  闻学泽  辛华  乔慧珍  龙锋  王思维 《地球物理学报》2011,54(6):1490-1500

本文利用网川区域台网最近30多年的地震资料,计算了2008年四川汶川MS8.0地震前沿龙门山—岷山构造带的多个地震活动性参数(包括震级-频度关系中的a、6与a/6值,复发间隔丁r值),同时,计算了震前2年多的时间内ML≥3.5地震的视应力.在此基础上分析了地震活动性参数值和地震视应力的空间分布与汶川主震破裂范围、MS≥...  相似文献   

Influence of background heterogeneity on traveltime shifts for compacting reservoirs     

Rodrigo F. Fuck  Ilya Tsvankin  Andrey Bakulin 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(1):78-89

Compaction induced by pore‐pressure decrease inside a reservoir can be monitored by measuring traveltime shifts of reflection events on time‐lapse seismic data. Recently we introduced a perturbation‐based formalism to describe traveltime shifts caused by the 3D stress‐induced velocity field around a compacting reservoir. Application of this method to homogeneous background models showed that the offset variation of traveltime shifts is controlled primarily by the anisotropic velocity perturbations and can provide valuable information about the shear and deviatoric stresses. Here, we model and analyse traveltime shifts for compacting reservoirs whose elastic properties are different from those of the surrounding medium. For such models, the excess stress is influenced primarily by the contrast in the rigidity modulus μ across the reservoir boundaries. Synthetic examples demonstrate that a significant (25% or more) contrast in μ enhances the isotropic velocity perturbations outside the reservoir. Nevertheless, the influence of background heterogeneity is mostly confined to the reservoir and its immediate vicinity and the anisotropic velocity changes are still largely responsible for the offset dependence of traveltime shifts. If the reservoir is stiffer than the host rock, the background heterogeneity reduces anisotropic velocity perturbations inside the reservoir but increases them in the overburden. As a result, in this case, the magnitude of the offset variation of traveltime shifts is generally higher for reflections from interfaces above the reservoir. We also study compaction‐induced stress/strain and traveltime shifts for a stiff reservoir embedded in a softer layered model based on velocity profiles from the Valhall Field in the North Sea. Despite producing discontinuities in strain across medium interfaces, horizontal layering does not substantially alter the overall behaviour of traveltime shifts. The most pronounced offset variation of traveltime shifts is observed for overburden events recorded at common midpoints close to the reservoir edges. On the whole, prestack analysis of traveltime shifts should help better constrain compaction‐induced velocity perturbations in the presence of realistic background heterogeneity.  相似文献   

A simulation‐based framework for risk assessment and probabilistic sensitivity analysis of base‐isolated structures     

Alexandros A. Taflanidis  Gaofeng Jia 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(14):1629-1651

A versatile, simulation‐based framework for risk assessment and probabilistic sensitivity analysis of base‐isolated structures is discussed in this work. A probabilistic foundation is used to address the various sources of uncertainties, either excitation or structural, and to characterize seismic risk. This risk is given, in this stochastic setting, by some statistics of the system response over the adopted probability models and stochastic simulation is implemented for its evaluation. An efficient, sampling‐based approach is also introduced for establishing a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to identify the importance of each of the uncertain model parameters in affecting the overall risk. This framework facilitates use of complex models for the structural system and the excitation. The adopted structural model explicitly addresses nonlinear characteristics of the isolators and of any supplemental dampers, and the effect of seismic pounding of the base to the surrounding retaining walls. An efficient stochastic ground motion model is also discussed for characterizing future near‐fault ground motions and relating them to the seismic hazard for the structural site. An illustrative example is presented that emphasizes the results from the novel probabilistic sensitivity analysis and their dependence on seismic pounding occurrences and on addition of supplemental dampers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国大陆现代构造应力场与强震活动   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

谢富仁  张红艳  崔效锋  杜义 《国际地震动态》2011,(1):4-12

依据应力性状和力源特征,中国大陆现代构造应力场可划分为四级应力区.它们分别是2个一级应力区、4个二级应力区、5个三级应力区和26个四级应力区.通过分析中国大陆现代构造应力分区与强震活动之问的关系,初步获得以下结论:①构造应力作用强烈和复杂的地区是强震频发的地区;②应力区边界是强震集中发生的地带;③应力方向、应力结构类型...  相似文献   

西秦岭北缘断裂破裂分段与地震危险性评估   总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

邵延秀  袁道阳  王爱国  梁明剑  刘琨  冯建刚 《地震地质》2011,33(1):79-90

根据最新地质考察和历史地震考证结果,西秦岭北缘断裂带从东到西可划分为宝鸡、天水、武山、漳县、黄香沟和锅麻滩共6个次级断裂段。上述断裂既具有单段破裂,又具有多段组合破裂的特征。利用时间相依的地震潜势概率评估方法,对这6个单段分别进行地震危险性概率评估,其中黄香沟段和漳县段发生单段破裂的可能性最大,天水段发生单段破裂的概率次之。若发生组合破裂,黄香沟段和漳县段组合破裂可能性大。同时,根据沿断裂带的b值扫描图像分析结果显示,黄香沟段和天水附近应力积累较高,这两个地区应是未来发生强震的主要段落,值得关注。  相似文献   

Turbulence characteristics of flows passing through a tetrahedron frame in a smooth open-channel     

Jau-Yau Lu  Tien-Feng ChangYee-Meng Chiew  Shih-Ping HungJian-Hao Hong 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(6):718-730

The turbulence characteristics of flows passing through a tetrahedron frame were investigated by using a 2-dimensional fiber-optic laser Doppler velocimeter (2-D FLDV). Experiments for uniform flows with different bed slopes under both submerged and un-submerged conditions were carried out in a re-circulating flume with glass side walls. The experimental bed was a smooth fixed bed. It was observed that with the tetrahedron frame the mean longitudinal velocity decrease in the retardation zone. However, both the longitudinal and the vertical turbulence intensities are larger than those for the undisturbed approach flow. The tetrahedron frame may reduce the probability of sediment entrainment by retarding the flow and reducing the boundary shear stress. In addition, it may induce sediment deposition in a sediment laden flow by changing the flow direction and increasing the energy dissipation.  相似文献